The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.